Explain why perfectly competitive firms cannot make supernormal Essay - 1

Explain why perfectly competitive firms cannot make supernormal profits in the long run but monopolies can - Essay ExampleProducers are only interested of taking their cost and resources are easily mobilized. Thus it makes a perfect combination.The most interesting part is that ideal Competitive foodstuff has growth levels to improve their quality and revise their prices which make them vulnerable and devoted towards their yield. This is find and practice because a lot of firms comes in and introduce their new may be advanced product to customers and if you fail to offer something equivalent then customers simply turns their backs. These are some positive gestures which you receive from the market to improve further or bring something new to attract the customers. All conditions are to be effectuate to make it a Perfect Competitive Market.Monopolistic Market It is a place where only bingle party holds the system and moulds it accordingly. There are several other problems that occur for consumers if the market is monopolistic worry supply constraints are faced often and prices are fixed according to their will, mostly high and exuberant barriers are being laid for new comers which is a hindrance in getting new offers and sufferers are only customers as they cant help buying the product available. This type of markets are unremarkably said to be in telecommunication or media industry sectors as they lay strong al-Qaida by investing a huge amount which cannot be easily challenged. But they are worst for themselves in a way that they do not face competitor, which does not make them realize to go for innovations or advancements. The best example here is American Software Company known as Microsoft which rule the software sector for decades because of its Windows Operating System. They were later challenged by Apple with extra ordinary efforts for which Apple waited for old age and today it is in dominance. Remember efficiency is not the only factor af fecting monopoly. Monopolies can dumb achieve a good profit ratio then Competitive markets in the long run.This call can

Individual Week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Week 9 - Essay ExampleThey identify the participants go through activities that train them to think and act with purpose. Moreover, the programs also teach the participants the importance of teamwork. They try to carry the participants that the latter should be excellent team members to make an effective team. A look at the bid shows that the Boeing development of teams and leaders program, in my opinion, is also lacking in try to establish companywide criteria for ethics program line and awareness programs.3. I have worked in a team that can be classified chthonic three of the types of teams according to Hellriegel and Slocum (2010). These three types are functional as tumefy as problem-solving and world(prenominal). The team I belonged to was in charge of delivering online English classes to non-native speakers. It was functional because each member was responsible for their online lessons, but everyone had to do well to be the best team. The best team was recogni zed monthly and received rewards. The team could also be a problem-solving one because each member was involved in discussing and finding solutions to a problematic lesson (i.e. refractory student, technical issues, etc.) We were in contact with each other through Skype and we had our problem-solving sessions through chat. We also had to be global team because each member was located in different parts of the world, but we were all doing someone tasks to achieve one common goal.4.Based on my answers, the team I belonged is very empowered for squiffyingfulness and impact. They cognise they working to help people speak better and they know a successful lesson will mean a lot to their students lives. However, additional training is needed to empower them for potency because some teachers find it impenetrable to teach non-native speakers. They do not have the patience at times or the proper technique to address specific needs of the students.8.There are five stages of team

Business environment challenges or trends that threaten the long run Essay

credit line environment ch solelyenges or trends that threaten the long run exercise and survival of the high society. Develop a coheren - Essay ExampleThe businesses are in any case tasked with corporate social obligation issues and the same time expected to observe business ethics in their daily trading operations. Facebook Company oddball Analysis This company is situated in the United States and it serves over a billion clients in the internet, making it the largest social networking target. Its an internet corporation company that runs the social networking site whereby people express their views and communicate all over the work. By the year 2012, the company had over 4500 employees working on various capacities in the company. The chief(prenominal) competitors of Facebook are MySpace, Twitter, LinkedIn, IGLOO, among other companies that offer internet social function (Strategic Management Insight, 2013). STEEPLE Analysis of Facebook mixer TECHNOLOGICAL ECONOMICAL E NVIRONMENTAL POLITICAL LEGAL ETHICAL Lifestyle changes New inventions and development sparing growth Sustainable energy Trade polices Employment laws Reputation Career and leisure attitudes Industrial digest on technological effort Taxation Global warming International trade regulations Contract laws Business ethics Labour and social mobility Rate of technological transfer Competition Threats from natural causes Political constancy Consumer protection Client confidentiality From the STEEPLE Analysis, the challenges facing Facebook range from social, technological, economical, environmental, political, lawful, and ethical problems. The users and the governments have been expressing privacy concerns leading to legal suit against the company (Marketing Mix, 2013). The privacy issues have made closely consumers to question the business ethics of the company guideing to reduced confidentiality. Facebook being the market leader in social networking services enjoys the benefits that come with economics of scale, only the company profits are also subjected to global economic performance. The lifestyle changes and social mobility of most users is also affecting the company since some begin to see Facebook as a social interaction site for the younger generation. Facebook pays tax from their businesses with rates changing from time to time thus largely consuming their profits. there is stiff competition from related companies like Twitter and MySpace who have launched aggressive campaigns and products to outshine Facebook. Facebook was a result of technological invention and others are also exploiting the same to come up with other related services that are likely to give Facebook a strong competition. Facebook being a company with global basis is vulnerable to problems with corporate social responsibility being a major concern facing most companies and Facebook is not exempted. All businesses are expected to practice business ethics in their daily operations to avoid conflicts and hence Facebook must abide by it. Competition is a major threat to all businesses as Facebook is facing competition from MySpace, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Challenges facing Facebook Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The role of the business is full of life in ensuring that the corporate social responsibility is well taken care of since businesses can only lucubrate when the communities around them and their ecosystems are well taken care of (Hart, 1995). There is growing recognition that everything we do has a positive or negative impact on

MYOB's Interdepartmental Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MYOBs Interdepartmental Communication - Essay ExampleThis is referred to as interdepartmental communication. Every department unavoidably to communicate with the other departments to inform them as to what be the updates and/or changes that a particular department would be implementing. It is not to know whether the department is doing its designated task, however it is more on knowing how the change would affect the arranging as a hearty. A particular departments change would definitely affect the whole alliance as each department is linked to angiotensin-converting enzyme another (Carroll, 2010, pp. 10-12). though working in yet one comp each, great deal from different departments still find it difficult to communicate with other people belonging to another department. As Carroll (2010, p. 11) expressed, interdepartmental communication is a challenge in many industries one department may not know how its action or inaction affects another department. The managers may inco rrectly assume that other departments understand what they need and why. It is not good to assume that everything is okay when memorandums are sent. at that place should be counter-checking with regard to the comprehension of the memos that were transmitted. MYOB has been providing Australia and New Zealand with downloadable computer software which aids many professionals in their jobs since 1991. Since the company uses the worldwide web as its medium in disseminating this software, the company has options to expand its market internationally without any additional cost (MYOB, 2012). It is known that when a company starts expanding, there would be a need to stool departments that would focus on particular aspects of maintaining the website and running the company as a whole at the headquarters. Though working in the same company, there would be instances that employees would not be given the chance to run everybody on the payroll. The usual mode of communication used in companie s in recent years is finished companys electronic mail or email. If such is the case, an employee should habitually check his company e-mail for the current memos or updates circulated to everyone, or an e-mail directly addressed to the person for any issues that need clarifications, or just any direct instruction or message. With the numerous tasks waiting to be accomplished, there would be times that an employee would only be able to check the e-mail at least twice a day, which would be upon coming to work and before leaving the workplace. Since the company is dealing with customers purchasing their products online, people who are using the software can either use the phone numbers listed on the website or just click on the picture on their Contact Us page to be redirected to the proper backup man group. For this kind of company, it is the jut group and the technical department that need to ensure that their interdepartmental communication is synched. former(a) department tha t should be synched with each other are the finance and the advertising departments. During the latter part of 2011, MYOB released the latest version of one of its accounting software. This should be kudos to the technical department. However, as reported by Sholto Macpherson (2011), there were bugs present in the newer version that either slows down the program itself or makes it unusable at all. Surely, the support group received complaints regarding the bug however, the technical team was not properly informed about the concern. The scenario would be likely as the latter statement or the technical team

The Principle Of Equality In The Egyptian Constitution Essay

The Principle Of Equality In The Egyptian Constitution - Essay ExampleResignation of sovereignty by the heap to the political sympathies was not, in other(a) words, to be interpreted as the peoples having permanently giving up their sovereignty or their having done so unconditionally. Indeed, the very concept of the societal contract emphasizes the sovereign rights of the people, acknowledges that a sovereign people have disposed(p) a certain person, the ruler, their consent to govern over them in exchange for his protection of their rights and liberties, among other things. The social contract is, therefore, the constitution which outlines the legal basis of the state as a moral, political and economic instauration and the rights and duties of the citizens within, and the states responsibilities and obligations towards citizens.The concept of the social contract, as defined and discussed by Locke and Rousseau, shed interesting light upon the phenomenon of modern solar day con stitutions. The constitution, as may be deduced from these theories, is the contract between the government, the state and the ruler and the people. It outlines the duties owed by the ruler to the people and the rights and freedoms of the people within the limits of the law. More importantly, as with any contract, there is a legal obligation to gaze it. Indeed, as both Locke and Rousseau concluded, should the ruler violate the terms of the contract, the contract is no longer applicable and the rulers memorial tablet is illegitimate. Accordingly, we may similarly conclude that if a government violates the terms of the constitution, the government becomes illegitimate.It is quite interesting to hear a national constitution as a contract which both spark offies, citizens and governments, are legally make to abide by. It becomes even more interesting when we consider that the violation of the terms of the constitution on the part of the government/ruler, renders that ruler/governme nt illegitimate. This is simply because, were we to apply this as a basic rule, the Egyptian government will, in essence, emerge as an illegitimate entity an institution which, insofar as it neither abides by implicit in(p) guarantees pertaining to the rights and freedoms of citizens, and constitutional limitations on its authority, has violated the Articles of the Egyptian Constitution.Through an analysis of the provisions of the Egyptian Constitution regarding the equation of citizens and their equal right to political, economic and civil liberties, the research shall initially construct that the constitution defines Egyptian citizens as equal, and endows them with equal political, economic and civil rights. Upon the analysis of the rights awarded minority groups in Egypt, such as Copts and women, the research shall establish that, insofar as they are denied equality, they are effectively denied that which the constitution has guaranteed them. The conclusion to this research sha ll review the implications of this as regards the legitimacy of the government.1The Egyptian Constitutions Provisions on EqualityThe Egyptian Consti

Political Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Science - Research Paper ExampleFrom the study it is clear that Charles E. Schumer became a loss leader who finds common sense solutions to bailiwick issues. Moreover, Schumer has built a reputation for tirelessly fighting for New York by visiting all the 62 counties each year while talking to constituents on emerging issues and determination solutions. In practicing some of his policies and implementation, on March 16, 2015, Schumer blasted the current amendments by the national department of lodgment and urban development of withdraw of federal funds promised to change housing units of towns and communities around New York City. This topic concerns the federal department which promised to change local infrastructure developments in the city to march with the current frugal requirements on housing. Schumer policies on national development enabled him face the federal government and insisted on development that the national government and the federal government had e arlier promised communities and towns within New York City. Schumer believes in reaching people and works with then through consultations to enable development. The federal government was to bring change to the towns of Elbridge, Skaneateles, and Onondaga, which he consistently pushed for the changes the federal government had earlier promised. The federal government approved CDBG funds within the communities in September 2014 and sort of it became reluctant about the development. Schumer believes in transparency and accountability of the government in accomplishing some of their duties promised to the natives.

What a Good Man Is According to Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

What a Good Man Is According to Socrates - Essay ExampleSince no one has constantly experienced death, even if he was released on the condition that he stops his philosophy, Socrates would not accept such(prenominal) trade. His argument is that he relies on the truth that evil things do not happen to safe plenty whether they are dead or alive and that God is not oblivious to the concerns (pragrata) of such a good person. No evil can happen to a good man either living or dead... (p28).The fact that Socrates regards himself as a good man during the Apology is a contrast that Socrates poses to himself. In his to begin with dialogue, Socrates believes that virtue cannot be postulateed without moral knowledge, which he claims not to have. Without an in-depth understanding of claim by Socrates, it is easier to assume that the claims by Socrates would only be valid if he also believes that, to a certain extent, one can be good without necessarily having moral virtue.According to Socrat es, and indeed with surety, he views the virtuous as good. However, the virtuous cannot claim goodness if they lack moral wisdom that is needed to have the virtue. Away from trying to pursue the adjust thing that Socrates has in mind with his claim, it is almost obvious for one to deny the claim of Socrates that he does not possess the virtue which he insists he is still seeking....the fact is that neither of us knows anything beautiful and good, just he thinks he does know when he doesnt, and I dont know and dont think I do so I am wiser than he is by only this trifle, that what I do not know I dont think I do. (p. 26)At this point, Socrates admits that he has some wisdom slightly higher than the rest of his curse human in Athens, a wisdom which is given by God.

Case review on O.J Simpson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case review on O.J Simpson - bear witness ExampleOn February 4, 1997 a civilian jury set in motion Simpson liable for the wrong death of Goldman and the barrage fire of his Nicole Brown. Simpson was ordered to pay to $35.5 million to the Goldman and Brown families but has yet to pay anything as his NFL pension is defend from such verdicts. He currently lives in Florida, where his house is protected from being forfeited for a civil judgment.The Prosecution did not have an eyewitness to the take out, but this was just about the only piece of differentiate that was not submitted to the jury. There was an overwhelming amount of evidence linking OJ Simpson to the murder. Thus evidence as to Simpsons lashing nature vis--vis his ex-wife was presented, including a record of extensive domestic violence. A timeline was establishing using a limousine driver who was to drive Simpson to the airport and Kato Kaelin, Simpsons housemate, who established that Simpson was away from the house at the time of the murders.The evidence bind Simpson to the murders was technical and circumstantial. It was related to blood, hair, fiber and footprint analysis from the crime scene and at Simpsons home. possibly the most powerful piece of evidence was a DNA test of a blood warning found at the crime scene which found that there was a 1 in 170,000,000 fate that it was not Simpsons blood. establish to show that the eventual(prenominal) not-guilty verdict was sound was never really introduced to the trial.Evidence was provided, as already stated, as to a pattern of domestic violence that would logically lead to the eventual murder of Nicole Brown. The timeline of the night of the murder suggested that Simpson was abset from his house at the time of the murders.The forensic evidence taken from the murder scene and from Simpsons house showed that his blood was at the scene and that Nicole Browns blood was found in a all-fired footprint on the carpet outside Simpsons bedroom. A bl oody glove with the victims blood on it was found outside

Security in Wireless Protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security in Wireless Protocols - Essay ExampleSome of these risks are similar to those of wired net profits some are provoked by wireless connectivity some are new. The important basis of risks in wireless networks is that the medium, the atmosphere, is open to entirely including the leering intruders. Maintaining a secure wireless network is a continuous task that needs stop effort than that needed for other networks and systems (Karygiannis and Owens, 2002).802.11 bills The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the year 1997 created the first WLAN standard and it was named 802.11. However, soon the disadvantage of using 802.11 came up and it was found that 802.11 only supported a maximum network bandwidth of 2 Mbps. As a result the data transfer was too slow for most applications (Mitchell, 2008). Concerning the shelter aspect, 802.11 use the shared secret key and this in turn helps a hacker decrypting any of the 802.11 frames. ordinarily 802.11 dont su pply any functions that support the exchange of keys among stations. Because of that, system administrators and users usually use the same keys for weeks and even months together. This gives malicious offenders ample of time to observe and hack into WEP-enabled networks (Geier, 2002). The IEEE 802.11 specification recognized many services to offer a safe operating background. The protection services are offered mainly by the Wired Equivalent loneliness (WEP) protocol to secure link-level data during wireless transmission between clients and access points. WEP does not provide sum total security, except only for the wireless portion of the connection. RC4-based stream encryption algorithm is used for confidentiality, verification, and integrity (Karygiannis and Owens, 2002).802.11b As the technology advanced IEEE expanded on the original 802.11 standard in July 1999 and created the 802.11b specification. It was found that 802.11b supports high bandwidth up to 11 Mbps when compared to traditional Ethernet. Similar to 802.11, 802.11b

IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT - canvas ExampleIn order to arrest compliance with the data Protection Act it was decided to ensure that any data which might uniquely identify any patient would not be range of the field of study. The section of the form, which contained the patients name, was used only for cross-referencing the accuracy of the data auto generated from the PAS. This was undertaken by a research bookman employed for the duration of the study. This detachable section was then shredded and discarded.The choice of variables reflects those used by the over-embellished College of Radiologists in its Re-audit of Radiotherapy Waiting Times 2003 key. It also ties in with the major audit undertaken by the subdivision annually. This will enable us to cross-reference and to align the data with a view to making recommendations for needed improvements in the service.Data on overall waiting dates will feed into the Departments annual report and incremental improvements in service. Waiting times by gen der is part of a larger study into inequalities of access to the service. The Department wishes to identify whether there is any disparity and if so to determine cause, and remove it promptly. spring to list - the Diagnosis, Dosage, Waiting List Status and Gender fields were limited to the prescribed coded choices. This method was elect to further protect patient confidentiality in the event that the privacy of the data was compromised.60 patData VerificationMost of the data used in the survey was auto-generated from the PAS. Data was double checked against the PAS by the Research Assistant.Results60 patients were treated during the study period. Compliance with completing and returning the forms was 100%. This accuracy was resolved by cross-referencing the number of expected and completed preachings with the number of forms returned.The following findings were explicit from the datasetThere was no flat apparent correlation between gender and wait time.The average weight time for all treatment types exceeded the good practice 30 minutes. There was no immediately apparent correlation between waiting list status and the amount of time patients spent in the department.ConclusionsImplications for Patient care The less time patients spend in the Department, the more able the Department will be able to address many of the

My strengths and weakness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My strengths and weakness - Essay ExampleI similarly responded to critical questions active financial products such as procedures for money transfer, steps of opening electronic banking and intelligence configurations. I commit utilized my good communications to enhance the communities through resolving differences and integrating contrary communities with a view to satisfying their needs thus, solving their problems. Creativity has greatly expounded my mind to think beyond the world of imagination. In my business experiences at Citibank, I thought and recommended Money Management Sumer Camp which was received by the company and also inquired fascinating in-depth questions about work. Through my creative mind, I have been suitable to divide spaces and encounters in public places so as to minimize social barriers and impact relationships between heap and communities. Enthusiasm has been the core pillar of my social development.In my trainee duties at Citibank, China I was ever passionate about my job and people, passionate about helping individual clients open and close banking accounts. In my community, I have carried out extensive social responsibilities such as the provision of food, clothing, and mentorship to poor, afflicted and needy in the society. However, my superlative weakness has been due to poor time management. This has been as a result of numerous tasks running at the same time thus making me difficult to choose the right activity to be completed first. I am working on this through the formulation of diaries to guiding me in the right procedures.

Human Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human tribe - Essay ExampleThe human action keeps growing every second. Human Population itself is not a problem. The land is meant for humans to dwell in it. However, it renders a problem when too many or too slight humans live in it and this is known as Over Population and Under Population respectively. sum of money cosmos is increasing at a say of around 1.15 % per year and the average annual community change is approximated at over 77 million right now. The increase mark was highest in the mid-sixties and it has almost halved since then. The total population in Year 1 was 200 million while forthwith in year 2008 it has hit 6 billion. It is estimated to reach 9.2 billion by 2050 (World Population Clock-Worldometer, 2008)Better health-cargon facilities in developed countries imply fewer remnants. Despite this, most population increases argon taking place in developing countries. This is because the birth rate increases more than the decrease in death rate. Alternatively , in developed countries, on that point is a problem of under population. Life expectancy has increased a lot and the impressiveness rate has decreased. This is true for countries like Germany.Human population follows the pattern of an exponential growth it grows slowly at rootage but then very rapidly (Hopkins, J., 2008). This clearly has implications for the future as the world will become over-populated at one time. Over-population is when the resources of an area can not meet the needs of the humans living in it or in other words the Earths carrying capacity is utilized. Hence, it is problematic, very. The concept of Over Population can be showed with an analogy. Take the example of a restaurant. It employs five waiters in the beginning. The restaurant gains from them. Slowly the number keeps growing and the number increases to 20 waiters. They start crashing into each other, damaging utilities and worrying other people around them. This is a problem because it becomes diffic ult for these waiters to behave naturally as they would with only five waiters. This, hence, is the problem of overpopulation. The thing to notice here is that it is also closely related to the economics concept of the Diminishing Law of Marginal Utility.Factors that contribute to and are affected by the Human PopulationLiving FactorsThe most obvious factor that contributes to human population is humans themselves. Population obviously increases because of increased birth rates or an increase in the fertility rate. People in developing countries are having more and more babies everyday because of which the number is increasing. Humans are also affected by the growing population themselves.Non-Living Factors Along with increased birth rates, decreased death rates or mortality also could also contribute to human population. The death/mortality rate decreases when medical and health care facilities are good. The number of deaths, therefore, decreases when countries are developed or ar e mournful towards development. Because of globalization, today all boundaries between countries have been removed. This promotes specialization and the overall growth of economies of different countries. The growth in an economy is shown by increased and enhanced health-care facilities and hence, a lower number of deaths and a higher flavour expectancy age. Therefore, there is the

Biomechanics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biomechanics - Case Study ExampleHowever the forces be greatest at posterolateral bundle at fullest elongation. The posterolateral bundle withstands more force than the anterolateral bundles. Most common take a leak of ACL injury is due to non contact deccelatory forces involving lateral bending of the knee to a valgus position causing extension of the knee and rotation of the tibia(Boden et al, 2009)(Giuliani et al , 2009).Immediately after the tear of the ACL or inury to the ACL she should be asked to take abide so as to prevent further movement which can cause wear and tear. Ice should be applied every 15- 20 minutes and compression should be provided on the affected portion. Finally the hurt knee should be elevated above the heart level in order to reduce the protuberance and reduce episodes of pain (Benjaminse et al, 2006).Kinematic research has revealed that the quadriceps contraction is responsible for the greatest strain on the ACL engraft between 10 degree and 45 degr ee of flexion. The ACL graft is devoid of the normal mechanoreceptors and may not provide biofeedback like in the uninjured knee. These factors are to be considered for the long term rehabilitation programs. The boilersuit aim for the long term rehabilitation is to restore the joint anatomy, provide static and dynamic perceptual constancy to the joint, maintain aerobic and psychological conditioning and ultimately aim this athlete to easy return to unobjectionable activity. For this a four step approach is followed. In the first phase comprising one or ii weeks the aim of therapy is to reduce the pain and inflammation and increase the range of motion of the knee. A postoperative bitstock is used ranging 30 degree to 90 degree till there is adequate quadriceps control. physiatrics is to be provided with the emphasis to static contractions of hamstrings and co-contractions for the hamstrings and the quadriceps. Partial

W7Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W7Q - Essay Example260).In organisational development, managers are more rivet on developing unique patterns of behavior and culture that could effectively solve geological formational problems within the privileged and external bank line environment. Normally, this can be done with the use of good leadership skills. Since managers are make responsible in aligning organizational culture and behavior in accordance to the business goals and objectives, it is unafraid to conclude that both managerial efficiency and effectiveness can be accomplished in organizational development.It is possible for manager to be efficient but not effective in terms of achieving the business goal. In general, there is a significant resemblanceship between organizational work environment and musculoskeletal disorders such that a poor working environment like having insufficient lighting or the mien of excessive noise pollution could also lead to stressful working condition (Gershon et al., 2007). In relation to this example, a manager may be efficient in terms of his work attendance or the ability to communicate well with employees but not able to meet the business goal of change magnitude the production outputThere are many ways in which a business organization can evaluate the transformation of and organizational effect which could result from organizational change. Depending on the main routine of the evaluation, managers can choose between internal and external auditing or by conducting internal survey to restrain feedback directly from employees.One of the best ways is to conduct organizational audits. Basically, the result of organizational auditing can be used as a bench mark when developing and implementing a cultural change formulate (Gershon, 2010). Since managers will have a base line in measuring or evaluating the success or failure of a significant organizational

Visitation to a Womans Health Facility Assignment

Visitation to a Womans Health eagerness - Assignment ExampleIt also offers sex education to these women. aforethought(ip) Parenthood has an experience of more than blow years in promoting the health and well being of women (Parenthood, 2014). Furthermore, it is guided by the principle that everybody has a cover and duty to make an independent and informed decision some family grooming, sex, and their health. Boro H only Centre is part of the Planned Parenthood clinics.The vision of the health care organization is to help people make informed decisions about their sexuality, family planning, and health care. Most of its target customers are women. Because the health care organization operates in virtually all the states of America, serving a diverse community, the following are the mission of the health care organization (Johnson and Lambert, 2010),The main leaders of the organization are women. The Chairman of the entire organization is Alexis McGill Johnson. She has extensiv e experience in the handle of academia, social activism, and politics. She greatly understands the opportunities and challenges that Planned Parenthood faces, as a health care institution, and fundraising organization. She has an interest in improving the lives of young women. This is by making it possible for them to have an access to quality and affordable health care. Ms Cecile Richards is the head of the organization, and she is responsible for rolling out programs aimed at catering for the health care unavoidably of women (Johnson and Lambert, 2010). Most of the visitors at the Boro Hall are women, and teenage girls.The Boro Hall facility gives advice to women on the better family planning services available to them. The organization further carries out pregnancy tests, and it has delivery units, where pregnant women are allowed to deliver. This revolve around also provides educational services. This is with the aim of teaching teens and young women on relationships, sex, an d sexuality (Johnson and

Role of Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of Unions - Research Paper Exampleition, the unions role in protect workers from increased inflation, growing unemployment and in influencing authorities policies in issues as health and other social factors is required (Serrano, 2011).Every organization has a HRM department that is mandated with the duty of hiring and looking at the welfare of the policies. In penalize this role, the department influences the blood between the employees and the organization. The department therefore has a role of achieving a cordial relationship between the organization and the employees by designing fair compensation, ensuring better working conditions, having better bargain, adhering to the labor laws and involving the employees emissaries in the formulation and implementation of organizations polices (Serrano, 2011). Through these, the employees relationship exit be enhanced and their loyalty to the origination will be improved.Besides, the government also plays a significant role in e nsuring workers plight are upheld. The government has a role of setting fair engage rates by altering minimum wage and in promulgating laws that protect the rights of the workers. The role will include that of penalizing organizations that breach the set regulations (Serrano, 2011). Simultaneously, the government should take interventionary measures between organizations and their workers in resolving labor disputes.In conclusion, the HRM department, government and the workers representatives must all play their roles in ensuring still relationship in the work force. Failure by any party to perform their tasks may resultant into labor disputes that will impair the functioning of the general

Internal Controls Essay Example for Free

privileged Controls EssayIntroductionIt has come to the attention of the president of LJB Company that an evaluation is needed to determine the reliableness and level of compliance of the unions internal controls. It is imperative if the company is going public that it abide by the regulations set forth by governing bodies. The punishment for violation of these regulations can be up to 20 years in prison.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 helps to promise that shareholder investments and the general public are protected from fraudulent practices within peaking. According to SOX there are five components 1) Assessment of Internal Control- An internal control musical theme must be included in the companys annual report. 2) No Altering of financial Documents- If anyone falsifies or alters financial documents they are subject to criminal penalties that includes up to 20 year in prison. 3) essential Disclose Periodic Reports- Financial statements are required to be accurate as a ny items off-balance could be mathematical functiond in a fraudulent manner. 4) Data in a eraly manner- Financial selective information must be presented within a reasonable timely manner. The information must be scripted in a way that any investor could make an educated decision about investing. 5) Types of disclosure controls- for each one company or organization must have policies and procedures set forth that explains guidelines that will ensure beseeming financial disclosure. Internal Controls-StrengthsThe LJB Company does show some strengths in their internal controls including 1) Using pre-numbered invoices- This allows for the company to account for all purchases and aide in making sure all purchases are recorded properly. This also enables the company to track any fraudulent cash disbursement in the event that invoices are missing. 2) Retaining employees- It reduces turnover time and the conflicts associated with being under staffed. LJB appears to have long standing co mmitments with their employees which is great for staff morale. 3) The suggestion of the use of an ineradicable ink machine for printing checks is a great idea as the ink cannot be erased or altered in any way. This aides in hold backing fraudulent activities to a minimum and is a great way to incorporate more checks and balances to ensure compliance. Internal Controls- Opportunities for ImprovementThere are a few opportunities for improvement that a plan of correction should be put into place quickly to correct. 1) separatism of Duties The Treasurer and Controller should have separate duties. There should be at least one more employee to work alongside the account who has specific supervision over the accounts receivables and accounts payable functions. 2) Physical controls- It is required that companies keep physical controls such as documentation related to assets. From a risk management perspective it would be beneficial for the company to immediately place the printed payrol l checks in the safe instead of them being left in someones office. IT should also set up specific employee log-in and passwords in tack together to be able to track what is being viewed by each employee and IT guidelines should be given to staff to ensure clarity of what is required of them. It is also recommended that there is a procedure for properly handling petty larceny cash.Employees should not be able to just leave notes but have to request and justify the need for petty cash. A proper tracking mechanism should be put into place- a recommendation would be to use employee numbers to log the expense. 3) Human Resource controls- It is recommended that a thorough background check be fault little on all eligible applicants. This will provide and verify information regarding the applicant, as well as confirm/deny any criminal activities. This should be implemented as soon as executable as this is a great way to aide in protecting the companys assets. In conclusion,if these re commendations are adhered to and all issues addressed appropriately it is very likely that the LJB Company will be less prone to fraud and reduce errors and mistakes.ReferencesHarrison, W.T., Horngren, C.T., Thomas, W.(2013). Financial Accounting, 9th Edition. Pearson Education, Inc.(2006). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. In A Guide to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Retrieved June 3, 2014 from www.soxlaw.com.

Writing Strategies Essay Example for Free

Writing Strategies EssayWrite a reply for each of the following activities. stipulate the Evaluation section at the end of this document to make sure you own met the expected criteria for the assignment. When you make up finished, submit your trim to your teacher.1. Purpose, Voice, and ThemeThemes in literature, such as heroism, love, corruption, greed, and perseverance, often reflect and link to the issues we gather in our daily lives or read virtually in the discussion. In this activity, you will develop ideas for an try that relates a current news issue to a source from a work of literature you have read. a. Think about some of the literature that you have read. Consider novels, probes, speeches, poems, and short fiction. Brainstorm a total of titles. theatrical role your response hereb. Choose three titles from your list and write them in the chart below. thence list the beginnings from each work. Remember that the constitution of a piece of literature is the m ain idea, the message, the subject, or the creation that the author is trying to convey by telling the story. Examples of homes include love, hate, the innocence of youth, love of life, courage, struggle, loyalty, survival, and triumph everyplace adversity. fount your response hereTitle Theme The Odyssey Determination The Boy in The Striped Pajamas r areness c. Begin to develop ideas for a five-paragraph analyse exploring a theme from one of the literary workings that you listed in the chart above. Select one title from the chart and enter info about this work in the space below. grapheme your response hereTitle The Odyssey Author Homer Genre epic poem poetry Themes Determination In your establish, you will choose one or to a greater extent themes from the work that you have selected and relate the theme to an issue discussed in the news. For modeling, you might relate the theme of courage from Jack Londons novel Call of the Wild to the actions of rescue workers after a catastrophic event.Recall this pre makeup strategy for generating ideas for your committal to writing List what you know. List what you do not know. Consider alternative viewpoints.Read this guide to learn more about prewriting strategies.d. What do you know about the themes of the work you selected? What aresome examples from the work (such as dialogue, suit actions, or narration) that illustrate the theme? What are some news stories and issues that illustrate this theme?Type your response here It is difficult to be that determined in your works. The main character must fight unbroken battles just to get back to his home. O Br another(prenominal) Where Art Though? illustrates these characteristics.e. What are some things you do not know about the work you selected for your essay? What are some possible special themes? What additional turn up from the text can you locate?Type your response here There are other possible themes. Justice could be a possible theme. The ma n who tries to steal Odisious wife is eventually killed.f. What are some alternative viewpoints you might consider before beginning to write? If possible, collaborate with a classmate and add tuition about his or her perspective to your own. What themes could a consort identify inthe work you selected? What consequence from the text might he or she suggest? Can someone else suggest additional news or issues that relate to the works themes?Type your response hereg. From the ideas that you have generated, identify the theme on which you will base your essay, as well as the issues or news stories that relate to the theme.Type your response here Determination, my determination while spearfishing.Before beginning to write, consider the target and voice of your essay.h. What is your employment for writing this essay assignment?Type your response here To copare determination in the odyssey to determination in my own life.i. Based on the purpose for writing you described above, what is an appropriate tone for your essay?Type your response here Objective.2. Organizing the Essaya. Record information about your essay in this essay arranger.Type your response hereEssay Organizer Title of work selected The Odyssey Author Homer Genre Epic Poetry Selected theme Determination Evidence from the text that supports He refuses to give up until he gets home. the theme News or issues cerebrate to the theme Spearfishing requires determination as well. Authors purpose To award the difficulties of spearfishing. Selected tone Objective b. Create an outline that will help you write a first picturesmanship of your essay. Look at this outline template and then create your own outline using information from the essay organizer.picType your response here3. Writing the EssayNow write the first draft of your five-paragraph essay. As you write, be sure to refer to your outline and your essay organizer. As you write and revise your draft, living in mind your audience your purpose for writing your writing entitleRead these guidelines before writing your essay.Type your response here none In the Unit Activity, you will perform a peer review and revise the essay in the unit activity.EvaluationYour teacher will use these rubrics to rate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit.Activity 1 Purpose, Voice, and Theme Concepts DistinguiLists the titles of at least(prenominal)(prenominal) six works that are related to current news issues shed Chooses three of the some suitable works (4 Accurately identifies the themes of all the works points) Accurately fills in information about the work selected Provides detailed information about the themes of the selected work with severalappropriate examples Identifies news stories and issues in which the chosen theme is central Accurately identifies additional themes Thoroughly considers alternate viewpoints Chooses a theme that encompasses all the ideas generated P roficienLists the titles of at least four works that are related to current news issues t Chooses three suitable works (3 decent identifies the theme of all the works points) Correctly fills in information about the work selected Provides adapted information about the themes of the selected work with a few pertinent examples Identifies news stories and issues that are closely related to the chosen theme Correctly identifies plausible additional themes Adequately considers alternate viewpoints Chooses a theme that encompasses most(prenominal) of the ideas generated DevelopinLists the titles of three works that are related to current news issues g At least twain of the chosen works are suitable (2 roughly identifies the themes of at least two works points) Correctly fills in information about the work selected Provides meaningful information about the themes of the selected work with at least one relevant example Identifies newsstories and issues that are cl early related to the chosen theme Roughly identifies at least one plausible additional theme Considers some alternate viewpoints Chooses a theme that encompasses some of the ideas generated BeginningLists the titles of fewer than three works that are related to current news issues (1 point)few of the chosen works are suitable Fails to identify the themes of the works Provides some incorrect information about the work selected or is missing information Provides information about the themes of the selected work without relevant examples Identifies news stories and issues that are marginally related or unrelated to the chosen theme Does not identify a plausible additional theme Does not consider alternate viewpoints Chooses a theme that encompasses few of the ideas generated Activity 2 Organizing the Essay Criteria DistinguiThoroughly explains the purpose of the essay shed Chooses the most appropriate tone for the essay (4 Records information accurately in the essay organizer points) Creates an outline that is highly invariable with the information in the organizer ProficienAdequately explains the purpose of the essay t Chooses an appropriate tone for the essay (3 Records information in the essay organizer points) Creates an outline that is largely reconciled with the information in the organizer DevelopinRoughly explains the purpose of the essay g Chooses a somewhat appropriate tone for the essay (2 Records incomplete information in the essay organizer points) Creates an outline that is roughly consistent with the information in the organizer BeginningBriefly mentions the purpose of the essay (1 point)Does not choose an appropriate tone for the essay Records information inaccurately or incorrectly in the essay organizer Creates an outline that is inconsistent with the information in the organizer Activity 3 Writing the Essay Criteria DistinguiHighly consistent with the outline and the essay organizer shed Very relevant to the intended audience (4 Closely reflects the purpose of writing points) Exhibits a highly consistent writing style Correct syntax, spelling, and punctuation throughout Ideas effectively grouped in paragraphs in a smooth, logical installment ProficienLargely consistent with the outline and the essay organizer t Relevant to the audience (3 Largely consistent with the purpose of writing points) Exhibits a largely consistent writing style Largely uses correct syntax, spelling, and punctuation Ideas grouped in paragraphs in a logical sequence DevelopinRoughly consistent with the outline and the essay organizer g Somewhat relevant to the audience (2 Roughly consistent with the purpose of writing points) Exhibits a somewhat consistent writing style Noticeable mistakes in syntax, spelling, and punctuation Ideas grouped in paragraphs in a somewhat meaningful sequence BeginningInconsistent with the outline and the essay organizer (1 point)Not relevant to the audi ence Not consistent with the purpose of writing Does not exhibit a consistent writing style Numerous mistakes in syntax, spelling, and punctuation Ideas grouped in paragraphs, but sequence is incomplete smooth nor logical Lesson ActivitiesEnglish 11I. Introduction, beginning with a thesis statementII. First example describing how the theme relates to a current issue or news story a. endorse from the textb. evidence from the textIII. Second examplea. evidence from the textb. evidence from the textIV. Third examplea. evidence from the textb. evidence from the textV. Conclusion

Hit and Run Sports and Lesiure Company Essay Example for Free

Hit and Run Sports and Lesiure Company Essay* The fraternity adds wide range of sports and vacuous facilities to genus Phalluss and non-members. The facilities include golf courses, footb wholly pitch, basketball court and swimming pool. Members have to book to use facilities and eyeshade is charged to their account.* The leisure clubs shop stand to customers wide range of sports goods such(prenominal) as clothing, golf clubs and lawn lawn tennis racquets. For members there is 10 % discount.* The club provides qualified coaches for different sports that can be booked to give lessons to individuals or groups. The fee is charged for each lesson and the company receives half of the fee.Types of membersType of membershipDescriptionIndividualThey are any one of the ages from 16 to 60, who are not students, chthonic corporate or affiliated police squad member.StudentThis membership is available to anyone over 16 and under 25 years of age who is in full time education.Senior For elderly people who are over the age of 60.CorporateFor propose employees from a company who has account with the leisure centre.FamilyThis is available up to 2 adults and 4 children. Children who are under the age of 12 can only join the club as part of a family membership.committed teamAvailable to local sports teams. It allows them for priority dates and discount rates for regular qualifications.Functions of each section at heart the clubsThe club shopThe primary function of the shop is to sell sports equipment. However the changes low-levels are too responsible for replenishing the farm animal on display from the stockroom. Also the shop can take employments for the facilities.They hold all their stock items detail and quantities on the database. When a member purchase an item, the item code is typed in and the comment and the price is displayed on the screen. Also the members number is entered from their membership card. This allows them to identify the member an d available discount is mechanically calculated.The shop also allows members to pay through their account, cash, cheque or credit card. If credit card is used, the sales assistant has to contact the credit card Company, usually by telephone, to check the credit availability. Receipt is issued when the sale is complete and the appropriate stock item quantities are decreased.The sales music director is responsible for regulating the stock of all equipment. The sales theatre director has to make sure that the quantities are up to the required levels. If there is a shortage of any equipment, the database automatically produces a report. This operates at the end of each working day. The following day, the Sales manager telephones the appropriate equipment providers and orders the equipment required. The confirmed purchase orders are printed and send by post.The shop also has curiously printed carrier bags for customers purchases. The design of the bag changes every year however it a lways includes the Hit and Run realise and logo. Every year the Sales and Marketing Director negotiates a new order for bags for all clubs. nerveThe giving medication manager handles all applications for membership with the help of assistant.The administration assistants are responsible for all smear procedures within a club. They produce and post out all correspondence from the club such as letters to members. They also produces invoices for goods and assistances.One of the administration assistants is responsible for updating the members details on database and also order membership cards.The summary of all membership transactions which include new members, bookings and membership renewals, is sent to target office on a floppy disk. The floppy disk also contains information about fiscal summaries for shop sales, membership and booking fees and lastly a summary of all purchase orders raised.Administration assistant sends all the invoices received by suppliers on the goods rec eived or service done, to head office. This is done at the end of each week. Head office then deals with the payment.Most important function of Administration department is keeping records of the hours worked by each member of the clubs staff along with any coaching fees received. The information is sent to the Human Resource department in head office. The human resource department deals with the information so that wages due can be calculated and paid.ReceptionReception department deals with bookings. When a member books facilities, receptionist take member number on a booking login screen together with expiry realise on the card. The members details are displayed on the screen. Receptionist asks for members address and name. When it is confirmed booking screen is displayed.The members number is copied onto the booking screen. Also code for rapidity, the date and the start time is required. The booking system then checks the availability of the facility and if it is the booking i s confirmed. Then a booking card is produced containing the information to the member.Reception also deals with members checking in. The member provides the receptionist with the booking number. The details of the booking are displayed on the computer when the booking number is typed in on a check in screen. The receptionist checks and allocation of the facility is confirmed. Then another card is printed for the member. This confirms that the facility has been booked.Facilities maintenanceThe facilities manager deals with maintenance of all the buildings and facilities in the club. Outdoor facilities such as pitches and the golf course are hold b a team of green keepers. A team of maintenance staff maintains the indoor facilities and the complex body part of the buildings.The facilities manager must schedule regular maintenance. This will reduce the chance of members disruption on apply facilities and also to make efficient use of available staff. The manager also contacts contra ctors from outside the club for tasks such as the servicing or repair of mowers, rowing machines and other equipment.Once a month the manager contacts suppliers for cleaning materials.CoachingQualified coaches provide lessons for each of sports. They provide this service to groups or individuals. They also wangle the use of club facilities.The head coach is responsible for ordering sports equipment needed such as tennis balls, shuttlecocks, nets or racquets. This is sent off to the suppliers by fax.Suppliers to the club and relationship between these suppliers and the department/individuals within the company* Sports equipment retailers They provide stocks for the shop in the clubs. The sales manager phones the suppliers when there are shortage of equipment. They also provide equipment for the coaching department.* Card Company They provide membership cards for the administration department. The administration assistant sends the details of the membership card.* Cleaning material suppliers They provide cleaning materials to the facilities maintenance department. The facilities manager places the order.* Maintenance equipment service The service is provided for repairing or servicing mowers, rowing machines and other equipment for facilities maintenance department. Facilities manager also places the order.* Carrier bag suppliers They provide carrier bags for the sport shop. The sales manager and marketing manager change the design every year. The supplier provides yearly allocation.* ICT service and suppliers The club uses ICT facilities. There are computer workstations at the main desk, in the sports shop, administration office and the General Mangers office. They need software, which hold data for all sports equipment in sports shop. Also for membership database and booking data. The ICT suppliers along with ICT department in head office supply this.

The Nature of Culture Essay Example for Free

The Nature of civilisation EssayThe term culture is menti nonpareild almost everywherein the television, at school, in politics, and in the media. What is the nature of culture? What is its function in the club? How does culture plug in to individuals and how does culture change?The Nature of Culture Culture refers to the collectivity of human activities and symbols that atomic number 18 generated to give deeper meaning and meaning to these activities. agree to Findley and Rothney (2006, p.14), culture whitethorn be understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another. The culture of any given society may be seen in the lifestyle of people, the music and literature, as well as the painting, sculpture, film, and in the technology universe white plagued by the society.Culture may in any case be seen in terms of consumption patterns of people. A ccording to anthropologists, however, culture is far broader than consumption because consumption falls into the broader framework that gives meaning to consumption goods being purchased by people. The science, religion, and relationships amidst and among people and institutions are all part of culture (Findley Rothney, 2006).On the other hand, cultural anthropologists use the term culture to denote the process and the ability of humans to think about, classify, and communicate experiences and other things in symbols. This means that the experiences, goods, services, and commodities that humans get access to are assigned particular meanings and importance. This process becomes even more important in the case of communities where individuals interact with each other and with the institutions and traditions of the community or society (Findley Rothney, 2006).Culture, the Individual, and Culture Change An individual gets the symbols, traditions, and humours of view that are preva lent in the society. Given this, an individuals mode of thinking is shaped by the culture of the society that they are in. Cultural change, no matter how unenviable it appears to be, happens all the time. As generations come and go, the modes of behavior, conduct, and arts of a society change because unsanded inventions and factors in the society are introduced. This can be explained by Thomas Kuhns theory on paradigm change. When new technologies, ideas, and processes are introduced, the symbols also change and the way that these processes are understood must change as well. mastermind for example the nature of the rapid technological change in our society. These changes are happening now at a breakneck speed. Instant communications, instant foods, and other instantaneous processes affect arts, music, and more fundamentally, the nature of interactions between and among people. The prevailing culture and traditions, however, will not simply be supplemented by the emerging new cult ure. Traditions also affect ways of thinking and how these changes shall be viewed in the broader society.With fast technological change, and the rapid obsolescence of gadgets and technology, the mode of thinking in the society is also changing. The elements of tradition and the modes of thinking in the present culture are also necessary for the transition to be effected. As the negotiation between the old culture and the emerging one proceeds, a new culture emerges in the process.ReferenceFindley, C. V. Rothney, J. A. (2006). Twentieth-century World, 6th edition. New York Houghton Mifflin Company.

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principles and Codes of Pr stageice EssayEthical principles and codes of practice rump tolerate guidance in day-to-day practice. Analyse nibs place in the episode say and come to a conclusion about what would be an appropriate response.This essay willing analyse the good principles and code of practice in relation to the case schooling of quill, a man suffering from Alzheimers unsoundness and will suggest a course of action for rotating shafts situation ground upon the application of these principles and the code. It will do this by examining the term ethics and will focus on cardinal good principles found to be relative to the kinds of ethical issues and challenges met within wellness and genial c ar nocktings, these will be applied to the case memorize. whoresons situation is that of a man, who, at the request of his family, sadly (but app arently necessarily), moved to Parkside Manor, a small residential caution home. Of late Peters specialise of Alzheimers dioceanse has advanced and he has induce progressively uninhibited. His behaviour has caused the staff to question Peters placement at the bearing home, as some of the other residents are spring to become troubled and distressed by his behaviour.Some staff feel that with the number of residents needing attention, Peters needfully require more time than they go for to give. However Peters family are resolute in their decision for him to remain at Parkside. Ethics are defined as the philosophical study of the virtuous time value of human involve and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it (Collins, 2006, p535). Individual values develop over time by and through socialisation, upbringing and experiences. These values when viewed on a personal level, guide individual actions. Individuals working in the wellness and social pull off setting also hold professional values derived from professional training and ideology. Decisions are made using both pers onal and professional values and all decisions will check an ethical dimension. Historically wellness and social cope practiti mavinrs have been directed by principles and guidance, enabling them to develop what is describe as a professional morality. Codes of practice have long been seen as regulations guiding practice, with clear standards of conduct (General Social Care Council, 2010, p 4).These usually include some exclusions such(prenominal) as disclosure of information but they mainly describe expected forms of conduct. In areas of health and social plow ethical principles are used along with codes of practice to guide and enhance the decision-making process. These principles are related to a sense of doing the right thing or that which is moral and with estimates of what is good and bad practice (K217, Book 4, p28).This idea can be problematic and can be viewed both objectively and subjectively. If viewed from an objective point of view, who should be trusted to know wha t is the objective truth? If subjective, who is the one whose opinion should be listened to? Questions such as these are often at the core of dilemmas. Professionals working within health and social sustainment environments do not however bring off with decisions based upon the right and good. Consideration should also be given to ethical dilemmas, these are situations when two choices are apparent, both equal in morality and ethics (K217, Book4, p29).Pattison and Heller (2001) suggest, ethics and value issues thread their way through normal, daily health business organization practice, the interpretation of which is reach to more than one explanation (K217, Offprints, p131). Although principles guide actions, there is still a need to assess a situation and counterfeit an appropriate response. This sagacity and response derive from an individuals values and training as frequently as from principles. Ethical principles are important in the field of health and social dole out . Practitioners need to have the tycoon to make informed, ethical and justifi adequate decisions relating to the individuals in their aid. This can be difficult when faced with a challenging case. Using a good example to develop a structured way of thinking through a particular ethical situation or challenge can be helpful. The ETHICS framework was developed to assist people working in care settings and wisecracks a structured way of assessing a course of action in order to come to an ethically informed decision.It emphasizes the need to be able to select a course of action based upon guidance, information and established principles, as well as the individuals beliefs. The framework requires practitioners to firstly, Enquire about the relevant facts of the case, Think about the options that are ready(prenominal) to all involved, Hear the views of everyone (including utility user, family members and relevant providers), Identify any relevant ethical principles and values which whitethorn help to guide the decisionmaking process, Clarify the meaning and consequences of any key values and in conclusion Select a course of action offering supporting arguments (K217, Book4, p32). When taking into account the case study, 4 ethical principles will be examined. These are delight in for autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence and justice. The principles are seen as the starting points for the victimisation of ethical approaches to care practice, providing a practical set of principles, which rather than offering direct answers to ethical dilemmas, set out useful guiding principles for practitioners when faced with controversial decisions (K217, Book 4, p34).In Peters situation, impropriety or self-determination is complex. Respect for familiarity refers to a commitment to respect the decision-making capability of an autonomous individual. Autonomy is the freedom to act as a person wishes, to be able to make decisions about their ingest life and not to be c ontrolled by others. The case study points out that Peter unhappily go forth his home, at the request of his family to move into Parkside Manor, indicating that Peter had no control over this situation. This lack of right to acquire where he lives, directly impinges on Peters ability to be autonomous and make intelligent informed choices. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) identify two areas unavoidable for autonomy Liberty or independence from control and Agency, the capacitance for deliberate action (K217, Book 4, p39).When accommodateing this principle to Peters case, it could be argued that a diagnosis of Alzheimers limits his capabilities to make decisions for himself, limiting capacity for intentional action and so reducing Peters ability to function as an autonomous individual. The codes of practice for social care histrions (2010) state a social care worker moldiness respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not prostitute them selves or others (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). This causes a conflict of interest between Peters rights to act in a manner that he chooses and that of the other residents, who deserve to be able to move freely about the home without the risk of being upset or distressed by Peters actions. rung may wish to take steps to minimise the potential risk of Peters behaviour causing mental harm and upset to other residents and by following risk judicial decision policies could assess the potential risks in this situation (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). Identifying harmful behaviour is multifaceted and open to interpretation.The assessment of risk could have serious consequences for Peter perhaps leading to a limiting of his rights and self-sufficiency in the interest of protecting others from harm (K217, Book 4, p60). Therefore over protection or unneeded limitation could be considered an infringement upon Peters human rights (K217, Book 4 p65). The case stud y does not accurately point out if Peter has the mental capability to hear that his actions could be churning and upsetting for others. This being the case it may also be appropriate to talk to both Peter and his family about the situation in order to find a solution. As the code of practice maintains, care workers must promote the independence of service users and assist them to understand and exercise their rights (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). It is suggested, that in cases where decision making capacity is deemed to be impaired, respect for autonomy may involve the care worker acting appropriately in an individuals trounce interests (K217, Book 4, p40). The difficulty here is that Peters best interests cannot be viewed without taking into account the best interests of other residents, care workers and relatives.This shows the limits of the code of practice in taking a narrow ethical view rather than trying to take a wider and more fit perspective. Beneficence and the promotion of wel out-of-the-way(prenominal)e are concerned with the provision of benefits and the balance of these against risk in the care and treatment of service users. It requires that care providers make a positive contribution to help others, not just refrain from acts of harm. It could be argued that in Peters case, moving into a residential setting may be seen as doing good. The theory of beneficence or doing good is embedded in health and social care practice. Although, rather than being straightforward in its attempts to solve ethical dilemmas, beneficence can be viewed as being rather vague (K217, Book4, p34). The application of beneficence in Peters situation could be seen as a controversial one. The need to do good in this situation could be seen to be against Peters best interests, as in the case of consent.The case study alludes to the fact that Peters family are making decisions on behalf of Peter and that the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease means that he is incapable of contributing to decisions or so his care and wellbeing. It could therefore be argued that this results in a paternalistic approach to care, whereby the family (who are making decisions on behalf of Peter) may be guided by practitioners views of what is in Peters best interests and in doing so may neglect the choice and personal function of the individual (K217, Book 4, p36). However paternalism may be viewed as acceptable if it is proved that Peters autonomy or decision-making capacity is compromised. In this case it may be advisable to initiate an assessment of Peters mental health capacity in order to justify the families involvement in the decision-making process.Beauchamp and Childress (2009) claim, the philosophy of non-malfeasance is an obligation to do no harm. Unlike beneficence, which promotes welfare and concentrates upon positively helping others, non-malfeasance focuses upon guiding health and social care practitioners to avoid harm-causing activities, thi s includes negligence. Having a duty of care for a person or persons in care is an ethical concept, neglect is an absence of due care the lack of which would be seen as go below the standards expected by the law and code of practice. The principle of non-malfeasance can be difficult to apply in practice (K217, Book 4, p37). Peter has not been physically harmed himself, although it could be disputed that his behaviour around Parkside Manor could be having a detrimental effect on the wellbeing of the other residents who are beginning to be upset by Peters uninhibited behaviour. Section 3 of the codes of practice for social care workers may guide staff in promoting the independence of other service users (residents) in assisting them to understand and exercise their rights to autonomy.Also for staff to use the appropriate procedures and protocols in which to keep other service users preventative from harm (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). As stated, Peters ability to make decisions about his care could be impaired, as in the right to choose where to live (which was made at the request of his family). However, maintaining Peter in his own home, as was his wish, would require extra resources such as daily social care help. If this was unavailable, Peters wish to remain in his home could be seen as detrimental to his health and wellbeing as his condition deteriorated and this would not uphold the principle of non- malfeasance. The moral principle of justice agree to Beauchamp (2006) is fairness in the distribution of benefit and risk (K217, Book4, p42). It can be viewed as fair, impartial and fitting treatment for the autonomous individual. This suggests that everyone has the right to participate in the decision-making process surrounding their own treatment.This clearly is not the case for Peter, as he may no longer be classed as an autonomous service user and may not be able to articulate his inescapably or desires in respect of his care. In this case the staff may wish to assign a person as an sanction to represent and support (where appropriate) Peters views and wishes (General Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.2). The case study also identifies the staffs evolution concerns about their own abilities to be able to give Peter the care that he requires, with some suggesting that his needs demand more time than they have available. The code of practice sets out clear guidelines for staff in Section 3, stating that any resource or operational difficulties experienced by the care worker is to be brought to the attention of the employer or the appropriate authority (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.4).Staff working within the care home are under increasing pressure to cope with the demanding behaviour that Peter displays and in this case may feel that they are neglecting the other residents because of Peters growing needs. This highlights the problem staff have in distinguishing fairly between those that are seen to nee d support and those that are not. Discrimination such as this all be it without intention of causing harm, raises questions of ine gauge. As highlighted, codes of practice and other ethical guidelines are not without their limitations. These limitations are often down to an individuals freedom of choice and their views of what is right and wrong. Codes of practice oversee in respect of that is the norm not the usual and at this point common sense and a corporate view are necessary. Using the four principles to analyse Peters situation is far from simple as the principles themselves are open to individual interpretation.The task for those directly involved in Peters care, such as family, professionals and the care workers at Parkside, is to ascertain their legal, professional and ethical positions and balance these against the need to protect and care for other residents and staff within the care setting. This may involve identifying ways to reduce the risk to others and to Peters d ignity and privacy. As the code of practice states a social care worker must respect and maintain dignity and privacy of service users (general Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.4). Some of the staff at Parkside have begun to question if the placement is an appropriate one given Peters growing needs.Staff at Parkside Manor could begin to examine ways of improving the care and support on offer to both Peter and the other residents by firstly initiating an assessment of Peters mental health capacity, in order for staff to better comprehend Peters level of understanding and to push meet his needs. This will form part of a support plan that will identify resources necessary to meet his growing requirements. The case study does not adequately highlight if Parkside Manor is equipped to deal with mental health problems such as Alzheimers or if the population is that of older residents with general care needs. One solution for the family may be to investigate the possibility of an alternati ve placement for Peter. Placing Peter in a more suitable setting where the staff are more used to dealing with conditions such as Alzheimers disease could enhance quality of care and increase Peters quality of life.BibliographyCollins, 2006, Collins Concise English Dictionary. Glasgow, HarperCollins Publishers.Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Chapter 14, Ethics in health and social care. Milton Keynes,The Open UniversityOpen University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Offprints, Swimming in a sea of ethics and values. Milton Keynes,The Open UniversityGeneral Social Care Council, 2010, Codes of Practice for social care workers. Available at http//www.gscc.org.uk/cmsFiles/Registration/Codes%20of%20Practice/CodesofPracticeforSocialCareWorkers.pdf Accessed 25/02/12Gillon Raanan, 1994, Medical ethics four principles plus the attention to scope. Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540719/pdf/bmj00449-0050.pdf Accessed 09/03/12

Multicultural Education by Keith Wilson Essay Example for Free

Multi pagan Education by Keith Wilson Essaymulticultural fostering relates to education and instruction knowing for the cultures of several different races in an educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based upon consensus building, obeisance, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into manikinroom atmospheres. Pros of Multicultural Education A substantial demographic transformation is on the horizon for the United States of America.Bennett (1995) estimates that by the year 2000, over 30 percent of our school age population will be children of dissimulation (p. 18). Addition eithery, research has indicated that ethnical minority students are disproportionately poor, dropping out of school, being suspended or expelled, and achieving far below their potential relative to the ethnic majority (Bennett, 1995). Consequently, teachers must prepare themse lves and their children for the ever changing ch solelyenge of interacting and communicating with respective(a) races. Reduction of fear, ignorance, and personal detachment are possible benefits to a Multicultural education.The following excerpts are taken from Paul Gorski (1995), a University of Virginia Doctoral student during a case study interview The idea of policy-making correctness with the black race astounds me. I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class favour to be called African American. In all of my classes I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to non offend the blacks in my class. I am honestly beaming it is not that big of an issue to my young buck classmatesit promotes a more comfortable, genuine environment for me to be entirely honest and carefree.Initially, the student interviewed in the case study reflected an attitude that would probably not facilitate consensus building, respect for other cultures, or fostering of cultura l pluralism within different racial communities and in the classroom. However, with integrated curriculum, social activities, administrative support, and staff training, fear, ignorance, and personal detachment may be notably reduced in some(prenominal) students and teachers. Benefits to multicultural education can help to eliminate the crux of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and bigotry (Fear, Ignorance, dis-ownership).Case study examine 1. fear I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend blacks in my classes 2. ignorance I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. 3. dis-ownership I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmates. The generator agrees with Hilliard and Pine (1990), if Americans are to embrace diversity, the conscious and unconscious expressions of racism (sexism) within our society must be identified and done away with (p. ).Multicultural education is the po tential catalyst to bring all races together in harmony. Cons of Multicultural Education According to some views, if one wants to alienate and further come apart the communication and rapport between ethnic groups, implement multicultural education. As stated by Bennett (1995), to lie on cultural differences is to foster negative prejudices and stereotypes, and that is human nature to view those who are different as inferior (p. 29). Thus, multicultural education will enhance feelings of being atypical.Schools in America may resonate multicultural education as a way to color blind their students to differences. Administrators may view the color blind approach as a gate keeper that assures equal treatment and justice for all students and as a way to facilitate compatibility and sameness of all cultures. A common statement from this railway of thinking is, we are more alike than different. We should focus on the similarities and not the differences to achieve greater calm among t he races. Ethnicity is breaking up many nations.If one looks at the former Soviet Union, India, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia, all countries are in some type of crisis. Closer to home, one observes the divisiveness of the Rodney King and O. J. Simpson trials in our country, we can see how focusing on race and multiculturalism may lead to a further divisiveness between the races in America. Over time, multicultural education may have unplanned for and undesired consequences. For example, multicultural education rejects the historic American goals of assimilation and integration of ethnic cultures into the majority culture.Hence, the perception may result that America is a country of distinct ethnic groups, as opposed to a more traditional view of the country that involves individuals making decisions for the good of the graze (Schlesinger, 1991). Multicultural education may increase the resentment encountered by students who feel that lurchs in school traditions, curriculum, and donnis h standards are not necessary to get a farsighted and respect students from ethnic minorities. Since many institutions resist change of any kind, passive resistance on the part of the administration may simulate acceptance of the tenants of Multicultural education.Of course, excepting the tenants of multicultural education should be avoided with enthusiasm and optimism. What would real Multicultural Education look like? The writer submits that multicultural education must have, as its crux, the below defining characteristics to achieve its purposes for students, teachers, parents, and administrators of the school system a) a learning environment that supports positive interracial contact b) a multicultural curriculum c) positive teacher expectations d) administrative support and, e) teacher training workshops (Bennett, 1995).If one of the features is absent, frustration and heightened resentment may occur as backlash behaviors multiply. The effects of a positive multicultural climat e may manifest in a number of ways, such as a) diminished pockets of segregation among student body b) less racial focus in the schools c) increased ethnic minority retention and classroom performance and, d) inclusion of a multicultural curriculum.In short, the multicultural educational environment should not be a microcosm of our present American society, with reckon to issues of diversity and tolerance. Many factors determine a successful multicultural atmosphere, but the features as outlined above may be important indications of success. Administrative support for multicultural education is critical. How can a hearth stand if the foundation is fragile. Multicultural education will be as successful as trueness to it by school administrators.Regardless of the level of commitment (local, state, and/or national), programs initiated under the guise of multiculturalism must develop reinforcement from administrators who are accountable for the success of established multicultural initiatives. A key factor in any proposed multicultural initiative is curriculum development. A multicultural curriculum should be considered for several reasonsa) provides substitute(a) points of view relative to information already taught in most educational systems b) provides ethnic minorities with a sensory faculty of being inclusive in history, science etc. and, c) decreases stereotypes, prejudice, bigotry, and racism in America and the world. A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for American schools. Educational institutions have been dictated too long by attitudes, values, beliefs, and value systems of one race and class of people. The future of our universe is demanding a positive change for all (Hilliard Pine, 1990).

Hollywood Science & Disaster Cinema Essay Example for Free

Hollywood Science Disaster Cinema EssayTo around extent, all fiction attempts to bend factual truths in the service of the narrative. In some cases, this is done for pur determines of pure(a) function, such as heightening the stakes of narrative or preventing the dramatic momentum from grinding to a boom halt. In other cases, it is done to express a particular authorial viewpoint maybe a political perspective or an observation close to society which is more often than not, contingent upon(p) on the thematic integrity of the narrative.In the case of cinematic fiction, Hollywood has always had a particular(a) affinity for a liberal interpretation of the truth. In the 90s disaster classic, Armageddon, screenwriters Jonathan Hensleigh and J. J. Abrams presuppose that it is impossible to communicate drilling experience to well-trained astronauts in order to justify sending up an oil rig crew with no astronautical experience to save the world by dropping hydrogen bombs into a geologic pile the size of Texas which is roughly analogous to trying to split an apple with a needle.The 2003 film, The Core operates from a complete non-premise in which an inactive magnetic field puts humans at risk from incineration by space-based microwaves which more accurately, pose no holy terror and are affected little by magnetic forces let alone the Earths magnetic field. One could say that Hollywood does not merely bend the truth. Rather, truth is do to stretch, contort and mold itself into incredulous shapes as if it were so much Play-Doh.The film The mean solar solar day after(prenominal) Tomorrow, which had been marketed hard as an ostensibly cautionary tale about the potential perils of mode alteration, is certainly no exclusion to this Hollywood tradition. Directed by German-born Roland Emmerich, the apocalypse porn auteur of such films as Independence mean solar day and Godzilla decides to loosen his cathartic urges on a larger, planetary scale (wi th New York remaining his primary canvas of destruction).The Day After Tomorrow focuses on one paleoclimatologist an eight-syllable term for guy who studies prehistoric defy conditions and his futile attempts to prevail on _or_ upon world leaders of the disastrous implications of climate change. While many of the scientific premises he puts onward are true, it is when they reach their tipping point and send the Earth into an Ice Age far sooner than he had predicted that the film enters the realm of fantasy. At the very least, The Day After Tomorrow does the honorable thing to scientists and tries not to make them look like idiots to viewers who know a thing or two about science.Jack Hall, the aforementioned paleoclimatologist played by Dennis Quaid, maintains a coherent view of science that is above par for most Hollywood scientists. He articulates the films core premise, which is that melting polar ice bequeath energize a negative effect on the Gulf Stream that will severely chop off the natural thermal flows causing severe weather changes. However, he projects that this will happen over the running of decades or centuries. Therefore, the mechanics of climate change articulated by Hall are sound.(Duke University, 2004 McKibben, 2004) It is the rate at which climate change occurs within the film that is unrealistic, as well as the near-mystical forecasting abilities of Halls computer simulations. The notion that no one other than Hall can transplant present day meteorological data, as gathered by his colleague Terry Rapson, played by Ian Holm, and his co-workers at the Hedland clime Center, into a paleoclimatological scenario is utterly discombobulating, as if to suggest they are the only experts who could foresee this.To screenwriters Jerry Rachmanoff and Roland Emmerich credit, they remain fully assured of the level to which they have exaggerated these matters. The climate tipping point sends the Global North into a series of weather disasters Tor nados wreak havoc on the Hollywood sign (as if to foreshadow the films ultimate rejection of a Hollywood ending solution), hurricanes sending automobiles flying all over Los Angeles, and sub-zero temperatures freezing airborne helicopters over Scotland. alone the while, the hero-scientists, such as hurricane specialist Janet Tokada, point out plainly how nigh-impossible this accelerated pace of disaster is. Its almost as if their secondary role was to remind viewers that these are all the exaggerations of fictional conceit. opposed The Core, The Day After Tomorrow does not disrespect the professional integrity of the science professions by presenting a fabricated non-problem. Furthermore, The Day After Tomorrow does not propose that blue-collar derring do, when equipped with enough charming high technology can combine to form the silver bullet solutions which undo everything.However, by presenting the climate change problem on such incredulous terms, The Day After Tomorrow risks un dermining the very pass on it is attempting to get across, despite the fact that it has the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration director telling a dismissive Vice President who vaguely resembles Dick Cheney, that if form _or_ system of government makers had listened to the scientists, you would have had a different policy to begin with While popular culture may have a limited influence on policy making, it most definitely affects popular perceptions of key issues such as nuclear weaponry and bioterrorism. (Schollmeyer, 2005) The filmmakers of The Day After Tomorrow have often stated that one of their goals to draw increased attention and prick greater action towards addressing the threats of climate change. However, because many scientists on both sides of the climate change debate have taken issue with the scientific accuracy of the events depicted in the film, it risks muddying this goal further.This means that The Day After Tomorrows lack of scientific accuracy mak es it easier for climate change skeptics to continue to dismiss the threat of climate change by suggesting that the film is built on the foundations of propagandist and alarmist science, while the climate change Cassandras will remains Cassandras as they become forced to debunk a film that represents their own concerns. REFERENCES McKibben, B. (2004, whitethorn 4) The Big Picture. Grist. Retrieved online on December 6, 2008 from http//www.grist. org/comments/soapbox/2004/05/04/mckibben-climate/ Duke University (2004, May 13). Disaster Flick Exaggerates Speed Of Ice Age. ScienceDaily. Retrieved online on December 6, 2008, from http//www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2004/05/040512044611. htm Schollmeyer, J. (2005, May-June) Lights, camera, Armageddon. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, volume 61. Retrieved online on December 6, 2008 from http//www. illinoiswaters. net/heartland/phpBB2/viewtopic. php? t=9007

Politics and the American People Essay Example for Free

Politics and the American pack EssayBeing able to marry your most be sockd one is the happiest and luckiest thing in this world. However, not everyone can do this because of the Defense of Marriage Act which defines mating as being between a man and a woman. Same- end up couples have to suffer a lot in order to fight for their right field fields and their happiness.Theyare denied be access to all the benefits, rights, and privileges provided by federal law to married couples.If we think of it from a humanity standpoint, everyone has the right to pursue happiness. Therefore, same-sex marriage should be legal. The reason for making alert marriage legal is equality in citizenship. Despite their sexual attraction, homosexual individuals must be treated in the same commission as everyone. They should not only have the same rights in housing, jobs, social benefits settle down also in marriage. Lately, a Republican Senate, Mark Kirk, has be mystify the second Republican senato r to endorse same sex marriage.Same-sex couples should have the right to civil marriage. Our time on this earth is limited, I know that better than most, Kirk said. Life comes down to who you grapple and who loves you back government has no place in the middle. President Obama is also a supporter of amusing marriage. Not only is it right and fair, further also consistent with our Constitution, he said. It is very important for us to remember were a nation in which everybodys supposed to be equal before the law. Presidents statement is the hope for LGBT, Les Gay Bisexual Transgender community, to be treated equally by the law. Legalizing gay marriage is the way to show support and sympathy to homosexual individuals. Most Americans who think same-sex relations are pervert believe being gay or lesbian is a choice. Those who do not think same-sex relations are wrong think being gay or lesbian is something people cannot change.Senator Rob Portman, from Ohio, a co-sponsor of the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, now supports same-sex marriage after learning his son was gay. I have come to believe that if two people are prepared to make a lifetime commitment to love and cover for each other in good times and in bad, the government shouldnt deny them the opportunity to get married, he said. His son, Will, told his parents that being gay was not a choice, but the part of who he is, , and thats who hed been that way for as long as he could remember. Most of the homosexual individuals feel unconfident in front of the promotion due to the sexual attraction, and they feel lonely because of the isolation. Publicity should give them confidence for being who they are to need on a bright life. Moreover, having a feeling for someone isnt a sin.Hence, gender doesnt matter in a relationship, gay couples also need support from the others. Generally, therere a lot of people who oppose gay marriage because they think its weird and immoral. Its rare, but doesnt mean weird and unh appy. Homosexual individuals are just a small amount of us, but they are nothing different from us but their love to the same sex. They also take care of their partner well, love each other and live an ordinary life. How people can use fault as an excuse to prevent the others seeking for their happiness?Lets take Elton John and David depict as an example. John is the well-known musician who is used to addict to alcohol and drugs, but his partner, David, helped him to get unfreeze of those dangerous addictions and live a better life.They formalized their relationship in December 2005, and they also adequate a boy in 2010. Its the obvious proof that homosexual individuals can live a ruler life as same-sex marriage legalized. In spite of ones gender and sexs attraction, everyone should be respected and treated equally in marriage. So, they can live a normal life and be happy with their beloved one. More and more Senate Democratand Republican support same-sex marriage. The battles over same-sex couples marrying still continues, and the number of Americans who support same-sex marriage is increasing. From what I see, if theres any reason for fighting for gay marriage, they must be love, equal, sympathy and because were human.

Bias in Historical Description Essay Example for Free

Bias in Historical interpretation EssayThe phrase reviewed was Behan McCullaghs Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation in which he gave a brief but thorough outlook on the manner to which historical accounts are peppered with biased digest and his opinion on how historiographers would be up to(p) to diminish, if not fully obliterate, from the nature of recounting past times events. why History is Biased McCullagh started of his piece by constructing four reasons as to why he thought that historical writings are mainly biased. His first reason was that he believed historians misinterpreted evidences without properly asserting the truth slightly its justification. His second reason was that information may already have been omitted by historians in compiling such(prenominal) past accounts that cater to make their views balanced. The third reason was that he deems general description of any historical information may include certain facts that are po ssibly false due to the uncertainty of near available sources.Lastly, his fourth reason was in reference to causal explanations, concisely described in the article as events that substantially modify the likelihood of the event, which are usually focused on a hardly a(prenominal) important causes that renders a misleading point of view in the readers comprehension of the knead of events (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh voiced out that historians who often make mistakes in incorporating biases in their interpretations are typically motivated quite an than accidental.He also noted difference between personal and cultural biases, delineating that the latter is far more than difficult to be rectified than the other as it is ingrained, yet maintaining that historians mustiness still try to do away with personal bias. He then goes on to further illustrate the concept of bias in historical accounts (McCullagh, 2000). The concept of Bias in Historical Accounts McCullagh elucidated on the point that historians choose subjects which are of interests to them, unavoidably providing a more partial basis to their interpretation of historical information.Consequently, historians are said to be products of their surround or culture, which will naturally hold general notions about the past. Thus, written accounts by historians are subjected to the approachability of information gathered and on the decisions made through constant debates on what gets included and what should be disregarded. such process is said to most likely offer misleading descriptions of historical accounts that have a particular(prenominal) cause (McCullagh, 2000).However, McCullagh has held that preconceived notions about a historical subject that are not biased could be observed in occurrences that involves transformation within a countrys economy as wellspring as social structures. Biases are only attached when selective causes are highlighted while others of equal magnificence are disregarded ( McCullagh, 2000). The perception of biases in constructing history should be avoided as according to McCullagh it provides a shoddy account of the historical subject which may cause misunderstandings and unnecessary negative consequences in conflict-driven situations.McCullagh presented three reasons as to why there are some who think that there is no way to evade the mind-set of bias in historical accounts. First was that the interests of historians are automatically considered in determining the historical vastness of a subject, the information extracted and the word preferences to use. The second was that preconceptions of historians and their contemporaries have biased point of views and the third sensation is the reiterated thought that historians have ingrained cultural beliefs and principles (McCullagh, 2000).Overcoming Personal Bias McCullagh presented his opinion on how historians could be able to avoid injecting biases in interpreting historical data. He stated that hi storians should be committed to standards of rational persuasion that would bring about a justified description of the past. One way to impose this is through match reviews so as to motivate historians to follow certain acceptable guidelines in rational inquiry. The role of the historian is an important factor in maintaining social responsibility and creating a fair account of historical events (McCullagh, 2000).He denotes that multiplicity in perspectives is another way to produce rational historical inquiry as it presents contrary views of witnesses which melds relevant information into one account (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh also pondered upon the notion that for people to prevail over biases, historians must accept that historiography is limited within itself and that the end of the discipline should also be considered in interpreting the past in a postmodern view (McCullagh, 2000). Reference McCullagh, C. B. 2000. Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanati on. History opening 39(1) 39 66.