The Jacobean and Victorian age of literature

The Jacobean and niminy-piminy mature of literatureChapter -1INTRODUCTIONThe first thing we should know that why we aim about literature and its history. We study literature because it has two features, one of unprejudiced pleasure and cherishing, the other of analysis and accurate explanation. In literature, for a defraud age, at least, we find a new world, a world that it seems a deposit of fantasy and magic. Literature is the utterance of life in delivery of sincerity and attractiveness. The first theme of this course is an introduction to the Jacobean maturate and straight-laced eon.Jacobean Age (1603-1625)After the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, jam 1 asc turn backed the throne of England. The blockage of his reign is cal guide the Jacobean Age. This duration was in like manner known as the Age of Transition. The Jacobean era succeeds theElizabethan eraand precedes the Caroline era, and specifically denotes a style of computer architecture, visual arts, orname ntal arts, and literature that is predominant of that goal. During this period,painting andsculpture fall behind architecture in achievement because in that location was no fine expert of either. The old geezer of the early Jacobean painters was the marvelous miniaturist Isaac Oliver. Most of the Jacobean portraitists, like the sculptors, were nonnative or foreign-influencedfor example, Marcus Gheerhaerts the Younger, Paul van Somer, Cornelius Johnson, and Daniel Mytens. Their efforts were later excel by those of the Flemish painters Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony Van Dyck, who worked in England during the reign ofCharles I.Elizabeth was famous and understanding, whereas, James was not at all famous. He was ignorant and could not tell with the raft. His court was wasteful and dishonorable. The critical nature can be seen in the literature of the age.Key ThemesEconomy and Society At the beginning of the seventeenth century, England and Wales had more than four million pack. The population had doubled above the front century, and it proceeded to grow for next 50 years. Increase in population led to fond and economic problems, like massive term price inflation. disposal and Society Seventeenth century was completely bound together with the social hierarchy that controlled local communities. Rank, status, and reputation were the basis that allows members of the local elect to allot the crown either in the counties or at court. Political surmise strained hierarchy, patriarchy, and deference in narrating the natural order of English society. The nearly common illustration of this political community was the metaphor of the body politics. sacred Policy The Millenary Petition (1603) began a debate on the religious formation that James intended to defend. The king called many major bishops to throttle the formal discussion with the reformers. The Hampton Court Conference (1604) saw the king waking personal role in the discussion.Finance and Politics The an nual cipher in Scotland was hardly 50,000. James I inherited serious monetary problems. Queen Elizabeth had left a debt of more than 400,000. Jamess good enough chance that the latter grew after the judges ruled in curbs case (1606).Jacobean DramaJacobean literature begins with the shimmer, including virtually of Shakespe bes famous and tragic plays. The dominant literary figure of Jamess reign was BenJonson, whose change and gamblingtic works followed classical models and were enriched by his worldly, peculiarly English wit. His satiric romps, notably the great Volpone (1606), all take a cynical realize of human nature.One of the reasons for the immorality in Jacobean turn was it that it alienated all the communication with the common masses. In the age of Elizabeth, the dramatists and the audiences had been satisfied whereas, in the age of James, dramatists borrowed the themes and overstated the attitude of Spanish drama, and came across of interest and horror in It aly and Italian subjects. They refreshed the drama of tragedy into the drama of horror. Jacobean dramatist, however, showed a special skill in development of their themes and plots. Jacobean drama was patronized mostly by the classes which were known as Morality without character.Themes of death, time and instability committed the focus of most writers. Shakespearean tragedy does prey rise to the sentiments of sorrow and worry, but it does not form depression. There are death and destruction. The cheer feeling is absent from Jacobean tragedy. The doubt, obscurity and despair of this age are reflected by its tragedy as well as. The Jacobean Age too brought a new kind of fashion, realistic and satire comedy.Victorian Age (1830-1901)The Victorian Period revolves about the political career of Queen Victoria. She was laureled in 1837 and died in 1901. A great deal of change took place during this periodbrought about because of the Industrial Revolution so its not surprising that the literatureof the period is often concerned with social reform. The 19th century was one of prompt development and restyle, far rapidly than in previous centuries. In this period England changed from a rural, agricultural country to an urban, industrialised one. This involved spacious to-do and thoroughly adjusted the attributes of society. It took many years for both government and hoi polloi to accommodate to the new conditions.Key ThemesPopulation growth and migration Between 1801 and 1871 only the population of the UK increased. Migration started in both directions. Many people left their radix town in search of a better life. Most people who were poor migrated in large numbers, especially, Irish poor to England, Scotland, as easy as abroad. Therefore, population of UK rises, where people came to find work. Migrants from across the world also settled in Britain, notably Jews from Europe and Russia.The Industrial Revolution current inventions started taking place that forc e to a large development of production, through the factory system. There were vast social costs the mechanized of work, tike labour, pollution, and the growth of cities where poverty, pollution and illness bloomed. Also farm work affects long hours, very little salary and exposure to all weathers.The rise of the fondness classes Society was hierarchical, but there was much social and geographical flexibility. successful entrepreneurs used their new wealth to grow in society, building huge houses, educating their babyren and employing domestic servants. It was noted later that by the 1880s 1.25 million people were employed in domestic service.The growth of democracy The franchise was gently stretched out to the working classes, till by the end of the period there were legal rights for men. The fight for votes for women was in full swing, but it was not until 1930 that women achieved the homogeneous voting rights as men.Expansion of Empire Britain lost her American Empire, or iginally the starting of 19th century. They were acquiring another in India. Britains memory access of additional territory over the world continued strongly. By the end of Victorias reign imperialists could boast that the sun never set upon the British Empire.Victorian DramaIn Victorian drama, farces, musical burlesques, extravaganzas and comic operas competed with Shakespeare productions and serious drama by the likes of James Planch and Thomas William Robertson. Victorian drama sees changes with excess on the London stage offarces,comic operas, and many more that competed withShakespeareproductions and serious drama by the likes ofJames PlancheandThomas William Robertson. The 19th century saw the drama become the greatest form of literature in English. The works by pre-Victorian writers such asJane Austen and Walter Scotthad elaborate two things-social satire and adventure stories. Victorian novels aim to be glorifying images of difficult lives in which hard work, diligence, lov e and luck. They leaned to be of a developing nature with a moral lesson and mixed with a heavy dose of sentiment. While this formula was the basis for much of originally Victorian fiction, the situation became more complex as the century progressed.The Victorians dramatists also started writing novels on children, putting a purpose to stop child labour and the introduction of necessary education. Children began to read and so, literature for young people became a growth industry. Therefore, writers started producing works for children. Writers likeLewis Carroll,R. M. Ballantyneand Anna Sewell wrote mainly for children, even though they had an adult following.